Ananas comosus, pineapple or
pineapple or pineapple, is a perennial plant of the family of the bromeliads,
native to South America. This species of small size and with hard and
lanceolate up to 1 meter long leaves, bears fruit once every three years
producing a unique fragrant and sweet fruit, much appreciated in gastronomy.
Although most bromeliads are
epiphytes, A. comosus is a seemingly stemless, with a basal rosette, closely
intertwined with margins of thorns gifted short tips rigid leaves, sessile,
lanceolate, 30 to lively, terrestrial plant 100 cm long; They are slightly
concave, to lead the rainwater into the rosette. The stem, reddish, becomes
visible around 2 years, growing longitudinally to between 1 and 1.5 m. The leaf
axils suckers small growers cut for playback, but if left can produce more
fruits appear. Sprout stem pin-shaped inflorescences, with the stem thickened,
consisting of several dozen trímeras violet flowers, which appear at the end of
an escape in the axils of the bracts. The flowers are hermaphrodite, sessile,
with inconspicuous bracts, the only asymmetric and free external tepals,
superior ovary. The flowering period extends for one month or more; It is
self-sterile plant, a trait selected by breeders to encourage vegetative
reproduction. Pollination is responsible, in their natural environment, of
hummingbirds.
The fruit is a small berry, which
merges with the adjacent early in a sincarpio or infrutescencia, large and
ovoid. The heart of sincarpo, more fibrous, is formed from the axial stem
thickened, and the walls of the ovary, the base of the bracts and sepals are
transformed into a barely fibrous, sweet and sour, very fragrant yellow flesh,
not keeps track of the fruits that composed it. The flower itself is
transformed into an octagonal gusset hard shell, formed by the merger of the
apex of the bract and three sepals, which form the hard and thorny fruit waxen
skin. Flower cavity hardens its walls; according to the cultivar as an empty
cell it appears next to the skin, which remains hard and filiform stamens are
preserved, or to slots is reduced. Further inland, the cells of the ovary,
which contain the seed in the rare case of fertilization, also narrowed
considerably. The latter are bimilimétrico, rumpled size, shape amigdaloide and
more or less dark brown.
Its aroma is due to ethyl
acetate.
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